Capítulo 2 OECD
The following variables are from Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) data base. It contains information of the different members of the organisation between 1960 and 2020. It provides information about Economics Relationships and Employments. Also, some variables that were extracted from WISE such as GDP and GNI per capita are included.
| Variable | Concept | Definition | Values | Class | Temporal coverage | Regional coverage | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Economics Relationships and Employments | |||||||
| rmw_oecd | Real Minimum Wages | Real hourly and annual minimum wages are calculated first by deflating the series using the consumer price index taking 2019 as the base year. The series are then converted into a common currency unit (USD) using Purchasing Power Parities (PPPs) for private consumption expenditures in 2019. | (0-Inf) | numeric | 1960-2020 | 28 OCDE countries and 4 non-member countries | |
| mrw_oecd | Minimum relative to median wages of full-time workers | For cross-country comparisons, data on minimum wage levels are further supplemented with another measure of minimum wages relative to average wages, that is, the ratio of minimum wages to median earnings of full-time employees. Median rather than mean earnings provide a better basis for international comparisons as it accounts for differences in earnings dispersion across countries. However, while median of basic earnings of full-time workers - i.e. excluding overtime and bonus payments - are, ideally, the preferred measure of average wages for international comparisons of minimum-to-median earnings, they are not available for a large number of countries. | (0-Inf) | numeric | 1960-2020 | 28 OCDE countries and 4 non-member countries | |
| emp_serv_oecd | Employment in services (ISIC rev.4) | Employment by activities and status (ISIC rev.4) Employment rates in services are defined as a measure of the extent to which available labour resources (people available to work) broken down by services sector (G-S) | (0-Inf) | numeric | 1960-2020 | 37 OECD member countries plus Costa Rica, Brazil and Russian Federation. | |
| emp_agr_oecd | Employment in agriculture (ISIC rev.4) | Employment by activities and status (ISIC rev.4) Employment rates in agriculture are defined as a measure of the extent to which available labour resources (people available to work) broken down by agriculture sector (A) | (0-Inf) | numeric | 1960-2020 | 37 OECD member countries plus Costa Rica, Brazil and Russian Federation. | |
| emp_ind_oecd | Employment in industry (ISIC rev.4) | Employment by activities and status (ISIC rev.4) Employment rates in industry are defined as a measure of the extent to which available labour resources (people available to work) broken down by industry sector (B-F) | (0-Inf) | numeric | 1960-2020 | 37 OECD member countries plus Costa Rica, Brazil and Russian Federation. | |
| emp_oecd | Employment rate | Employment rates are defined as a measure of the extent to which available labour resources (people available to work) are being used. They are calculated as the ratio of the employed to the working age population. Employment rates are sensitive to the economic cycle, but in the longer term they are significantly affected by governments’ higher education and income support policies and by policies that facilitate employment of women and disadvantaged groups. Employed people are those aged 15 or over who report that they have worked in gainful employment for at least one hour in the previous week or who had a job but were absent from work during the reference week. The working age population refers to people aged 15 to 64. This indicator is seasonally adjusted and it is measured in terms of thousand persons aged 15 and over; and in numbers of employed persons aged 15 to 64 as a percentage of working age population. Source: Labour Force Surveys Link: https://www.oecd.org/els/emp/LFS%20Definitions%20-%20Tables.pdf | (0-Inf) | numeric | 1960-2020 | 37 OECD member countries plus Costa Rica, Brazil and Russian Federation. | |
| emp_a_oecd | Employment in agriculture, forestry and fishing | Employment in agriculture, forestry and fishing | (0-Inf) | numeric | 1960-2020 | 37 OECD member countries plus Costa Rica, Brazil and Russian Federation. | |
| emp_b_oecd | Employment in mining and quarrying | Employment in mining and quarrying | (0-Inf) | numeric | 1960-2020 | 37 OECD member countries plus Costa Rica, Brazil and Russian Federation. | |
| emp_c_oecd | Employment in manufacturing | Employment in manufacturing | (0-Inf) | numeric | 1960-2020 | 37 OECD member countries plus Costa Rica, Brazil and Russian Federation. | |
| emp_d_oecd | Employment in electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply | Employment in electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply | (0-Inf) | numeric | 1960-2020 | 37 OECD member countries plus Costa Rica, Brazil and Russian Federation. | |
| emp_e_oecd | Employment in water supply, sewerage, waste management and remediation activities | Employment in water supply, sewerage, waste management and remediation activities | (0-Inf) | numeric | 1960-2020 | 37 OECD member countries plus Costa Rica, Brazil and Russian Federation. | |
| emp_f_oecd | Employment in construction | Employment in construction | (0-Inf) | numeric | 1960-2020 | 37 OECD member countries plus Costa Rica, Brazil and Russian Federation. | |
| emp_g_oecd | Employment in wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles | Employment in wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles | (0-Inf) | numeric | 1960-2020 | 37 OECD member countries plus Costa Rica, Brazil and Russian Federation. | |
| emp_h_oecd | Employment in transportation and storage | Employment in transportation and storage | (0-Inf) | numeric | 1960-2020 | 37 OECD member countries plus Costa Rica, Brazil and Russian Federation. | |
| emp_i_oecd | Employment in accomodation and food service activities | Employment in accomodation and food service activities | (0-Inf) | numeric | 1960-2020 | 37 OECD member countries plus Costa Rica, Brazil and Russian Federation. | |
| emp_j_oecd | Employment in information and communication | Employment in information and communication | (0-Inf) | numeric | 1960-2020 | 37 OECD member countries plus Costa Rica, Brazil and Russian Federation. | |
| emp_k_oecd | Employment in financial and insurance activities | Employment in financial and insurance activities | (0-Inf) | numeric | 1960-2020 | 37 OECD member countries plus Costa Rica, Brazil and Russian Federation. | |
| emp_l_oecd | Employment in real state activities | Employment in real state activities | (0-Inf) | numeric | 1960-2020 | 37 OECD member countries plus Costa Rica, Brazil and Russian Federation. | |
| emp_m_oecd | Employment in professional, scientific and technical activities | Employment in professional, scientific and technical activities | (0-Inf) | numeric | 1960-2020 | 37 OECD member countries plus Costa Rica, Brazil and Russian Federation. | |
| emp_n_oecd | Employment in administrative and support service activities | Employment in administrative and support service activities | (0-Inf) | numeric | 1960-2020 | 37 OECD member countries plus Costa Rica, Brazil and Russian Federation. | |
| emp_o_oecd | Employment in public administration and defence, compulsory social security | Employment in public administration and defence, compulsory social security | (0-Inf) | numeric | 1960-2020 | 37 OECD member countries plus Costa Rica, Brazil and Russian Federation. | |
| emp_p_oecd | Employment in education | Employment in education | (0-Inf) | numeric | 1960-2020 | 37 OECD member countries plus Costa Rica, Brazil and Russian Federation. | |
| emp_q_oecd | Employment in human health and social work activities | Employment in human health and social work activities | (0-Inf) | numeric | 1960-2020 | 37 OECD member countries plus Costa Rica, Brazil and Russian Federation. | |
| emp_r_oecd | Employment in artes, entertainment and recreation | Employment in artes, entertainment and recreation | (0-Inf) | numeric | 1960-2020 | 37 OECD member countries plus Costa Rica, Brazil and Russian Federation. | |
| emp_s_oecd | Employment in other service activities | Employment in other service activities | (0-Inf) | numeric | 1960-2020 | 37 OECD member countries plus Costa Rica, Brazil and Russian Federation. | |
| emp_t_oecd | Employment in activities of households as employers; undifferentiated goods and services producing activities of households for own use | Employment in activities of households as employers; undifferentiated goods and services producing activities of households for own use | (0-Inf) | numeric | 1960-2020 | 37 OECD member countries plus Costa Rica, Brazil and Russian Federation. | |
| emp_u_oecd | Employment in activities of extraterritorial organizations and bodies | Employment in activities of extraterritorial organizations and bodies | (0-Inf) | numeric | 1960-2020 | 37 OECD member countries plus Costa Rica, Brazil and Russian Federation. | |
| emp_fem_oecd | Women employment rate | Women Employment rates are defined as a measure of the extent to which available labour resources (women available to work) are being used. They are calculated as the ratio of the employed to the working age population. Employed people are those aged 15 or over who report that they have worked in gainful employment for at least one hour in the previous week or who had a job but were absent from work during the reference week. The working age population refers to people aged 15 to 64. This indicator is seasonally adjusted and it is measured in terms of thousand persons aged 15 and over; and in numbers of employed persons aged 15 to 64 as a percentage of working age population. Source: Labour Force Surveys Link: https://www.oecd.org/els/emp/LFS%20Definitions%20-%20Tables.pdf | (0-100) | numeric | 1960-2020 | 37 OECD member countries plus Costa Rica, Brazil and Russian Federation. | |
| emp_male_oecd | Male employment rate | Male Employment rates are defined as a measure of the extent to which available labour resources (male available to work) are being used. They are calculated as the ratio of the employed to the working age population. Employed people are those aged 15 or over who report that they have worked in gainful employment for at least one hour in the previous week or who had a job but were absent from work during the reference week. The working age population refers to people aged 15 to 64. This indicator is seasonally adjusted and it is measured in terms of thousand persons aged 15 and over; and in numbers of employed persons aged 15 to 64 as a percentage of working age population. Source: Labour Force Surveys Link: https://www.oecd.org/els/emp/LFS%20Definitions%20-%20Tables.pdf | (0-100) | numeric | 1960-2020 | 37 OECD member countries plus Costa Rica, Brazil and Russian Federation. | |
| lfp_oecd | Labour Force Participation Rate | The labour force participation rates is calculated as the labour force divided by the total working-age population. The working age population refers to people aged 15 to 64. This indicator is broken down by sex group and it is measured as a percentage of each sex group. | (0-100) | numeric | 1960-2020 | 37 OECD member countries plus Costa Rica, Brazil and Russian Federation. | |
| lfp_fem_oecd | Female Force Participation Rate | The female labour force participation rates is calculated as the female labour force divided by the total female working-age population. The working age population refers to people aged 15 to 64. This indicator is broken down by sex group and it is measured as a percentage of each sex group. | (0-100) | numeric | 1960-2020 | 37 OECD member countries plus Costa Rica, Brazil and Russian Federation. | |
| lfp_male_oecd | Male Force Participation Rate | The male labour force participation rates is calculated as the male labour force divided by the total male working-age population. The working age population refers to people aged 15 to 64. This indicator is broken down by sex group and it is measured as a percentage of each sex group. | (0-100) | numeric | 1960-2020 | 37 OECD member countries plus Costa Rica, Brazil and Russian Federation. | |
| unemp_oecd | Unemployment rate | The unemployed are people of working age who are without work, are available for work, and have taken specific steps to find work. The uniform application of this definition results in estimates of unemployment rates that are more internationally comparable than estimates based on national definitions of unemployment. This indicator is measured in numbers of unemployed people as a percentage of the labour force and it is seasonally adjusted. The labour force is defined as the total number of unemployed people plus those in employment. Data are based on labour force surveys (LFS). | (0-100) | numeric | 1960-2020 | 45 OCDE members | |
| unemp_fem_oecd | Female Unemployment rate | Female unemployed are women of working age who are without work, are available for work, and have taken specific steps to find work. The uniform application of this definition results in estimates of unemployment rates that are more internationally comparable than estimates based on national definitions of unemployment. This indicator is measured in numbers of unemployed women as a percentage of the female labour force and it is seasonally adjusted. The labour force is defined as the total number of unemployed people plus those in employment. Data are based on labour force surveys (LFS). | (0-100) | numeric | 1960-2020 | 45 OCDE members | |
| unemp_male_oecd | Male Unemployment rate | Male unemployed are men of working age who are without work, are available for work, and have taken specific steps to find work. The uniform application of this definition results in estimates of unemployment rates that are more internationally comparable than estimates based on national definitions of unemployment. This indicator is measured in numbers of unemployed men as a percentage of the male labour force and it is seasonally adjusted. The labour force is defined as the total number of unemployed people plus those in employment. Data are based on labour force surveys (LFS). | (0-100) | numeric | 1960-2020 | 45 OCDE members | |
| pt_emp_te_oecd | Part time employment rate (total workers) | Part-time employment is defined as people in employment (whether employees or self-employed) who usually work less than 30 hours per week in their main job. Employed people are those aged 15 and over who report that they have worked in gainful employment for at least one hour in the previous week or who had a job but were absent from work during the reference week while having a formal job attachment. The definition of part-time work varies considerably across OECD countries Essentially three main approaches can be distinguished: i) a classification based on the worker’s perception of his/her employment situation; ii) a cut-off (generally 30 or 35 hours per week) based on usual working hours, with persons usually working fewer hours being considered part-timers; iii) a comparable cut-off based on actual hours worked during the reference week. A criterion based on actual hours will generally yield a part-time rate higher than one based on usual hours, particularly if there are temporary reductions in working time as a result of holidays, illness, short-timing, etc. On the other hand, it is not entirely clear whether a classification based on the worker’s perception will necessarily yield estimates of part-time work that are higher or lower than one based on a fixed cut-off. In one country (France) which changed from 1981 to 1982 from a definition based on an actual hours cut-off (30 hours) to one based on the respondent’s perception, the latter criterion appeared to produce slightly higher estimates | (0-100) | numeric | 1960-2020 | 35 OCDE members | |
| pt_emp_de_oecd | Part time employment rate (dependent workers) | Part-time employment is defined as people in employment (employees) who usually work less than 30 hours per week in their main job. Employed people are those aged 15 and over who report that they have worked in gainful employment for at least one hour in the previous week or who had a job but were absent from work during the reference week while having a formal job attachment. The definition of part-time work varies considerably across OECD countries Essentially three main approaches can be distinguished: i) a classification based on the worker’s perception of his/her employment situation; ii) a cut-off (generally 30 or 35 hours per week) based on usual working hours, with persons usually working fewer hours being considered part-timers; iii) a comparable cut-off based on actual hours worked during the reference week. A criterion based on actual hours will generally yield a part-time rate higher than one based on usual hours, particularly if there are temporary reductions in working time as a result of holidays, illness, short-timing, etc. On the other hand, it is not entirely clear whether a classification based on the worker’s perception will necessarily yield estimates of part-time work that are higher or lower than one based on a fixed cut-off. In one country (France) which changed from 1981 to 1982 from a definition based on an actual hours cut-off (30 hours) to one based on the respondent’s perception, the latter criterion appeared to produce slightly higher estimates | (0-100) | numeric | 1960-2020 | 35 OCDE members | |
| pt_emp_fem_te_oecd | Female part time employment rate (total workers) | Female part-time employment is defined as women in employment (whether employees or self-employed) who usually work less than 30 hours per week in their main job. The definition of part time work The definition of part-time work varies considerably across OECD countries. We use the main approches indicating by OCDE. | (0-100) | numeric | 1960-2020 | 35 OCDE members | |
| pt_emp_fem_de_oecd | Female part time employment rate(dependent workers) | Female part-time employment is defined as women in employment (employees) who usually work less than 30 hours per week in their main job. The definition of part time work The definition of part-time work varies considerably across OECD countries. We use the main approches indicating by OCDE. | (0-100) | numeric | 1960-2020 | 35 OCDE members | |
| pt_emp_male_te_oecd | Mate part time employment rate (total workers) | Male part-time employment is defined as men in employment (whether employees or self-employed) who usually work less than 30 hours per week in their main job. The definition of part time work. The definition of part-time work varies considerably across OECD countries. We use the main approches indicating by OCDE. | (0-100) | numeric | 1960-2020 | 35 OCDE members | |
| pt_emp_male_de_oecd | Mate part time employment rate (dependent workers) | Male part-time employment is defined as men in employment (employees) who usually work less than 30 hours per week in their main job. The definition of part time work. The definition of part-time work varies considerably across OECD countries. We use the main approches indicating by OCDE. | (0-100) | numeric | 1960-2020 | 35 OCDE members | |
| pt_sh_fem_te_oecd | Gender share of part-time employment (total workers) | Gender share of part-time employment is defined as the ratio between women and male participation in part time work. This indicator consider the partime work OCDE definition. | (0-100) | numeric | 1960-2020 | 35 OCDE members | |
| pt_sh_fem_de_oecd | Gender share of part-time employment (dependent workers) | Gender share of part-time employment is defined as the ratio between women and male participation in part time work. This indicator consider the partime work OCDE definition. | (0-100) | numeric | 1960-2020 | 35 OCDE members | |
| hrs_work_te_oecd | Average hours worked per worker (total workers) | Average annual hours actually worked per worker (total workers) is defined as the total number of hours worked over the year divided by the average number of people in employment. The data are intended for comparisons of trends over time; they are unsuitable for comparisons of the level of average annual hours of work for a given year, because of differences in their sources. Part-time workers are covered as well as full-time workers. | (0-Inf) | numeric | 1960-2020 | 39 OCDE members | |
| hrs_work_de_oecd | Average hours worked per worker (dependent workers) | Average annual hours actually worked per worker (dependent workers) is defined as the total number of hours worked over the year divided by the average number of people in employment. The data are intended for comparisons of trends over time; they are unsuitable for comparisons of the level of average annual hours of work for a given year, because of differences in their sources. Part-time workers are covered as well as full-time workers. | (0-Inf) | numeric | 1960-2020 | 39 OCDE members | |
| gdp_oecd | GDP | GDP at purchaser’s prices is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Dollar figures for GDP are converted from domestic currencies using single year official exchange rates. For a few countries where the official exchange rate does not reflect the rate effectively applied to actual foreign exchange transactions, an alternative conversion factor is used. | (0-Inf) | numeric | 2003-2014 | 229 countries | |
| gni_oecd | GNI per capita | GNI per capita based on purchasing power parity (PPP). PPP GNI is gross national income (GNI) converted to international dollars using purchasing power parity rates. An international dollar has the same purchasing power over GNI as a U.S. dollar has in the United States. GNI is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. Data are in current international dollars based on the 2011 ICP round. | (0-Inf) | numeric | 2003-2014 | 229 countries | |
| gdp_growth_oecd | GDP Growth | Annual percentage growth rate of GDP at market prices based on constant local currency. Aggregates are based on constant 2005 U.S. dollars. GDP is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Provides an overall indicator of aggregate economic performance. | (0-100) | numeric | 2003-2014 | 229 countries | |
| lp_oecd | GDP per hour worked | Levels of GDP, GDP per capita and labour productivity are presented in current prices (national currency or current PPPs), constant prices (2015 PPPs), as well as current price and current PPPs compared to the USA. The use of these different measures depends on the aim of the analysis: If the aim is to compare countries’ GDP per capita or productivity levels for individual years, using data in current prices and current PPPs could provide interesting insights. However, if the aim is to look at developments of levels of GDP per capita or productivity over time, using data in constant prices and 2015 PPPs is more appropriate as these control also for relative prices over time in addition to those across countries. | (0-100) | numeric | 1970-2020 | 50 countries | |
| ulc_oecd | Growth in ULC | Unit Labour Cost (ULCS) is a measure of competitiveness. The estimates of labour productivity, capital services, MFP, and ULC are mainly based on GDP, labour compensation, population and employment data from the OECD National Accounts. ULCs can be calculated as the ratio of labour compensation to real GDP. It is also the equivalent of the ratio between labour compensation per labour input (per hour or per employee) worked and labour productivity . | (0-100) | numeric | 1970-2020 | OECD 38 countries;BRIICS, Bulgaria, Croatia, Romania and Peru | |
| gdp_growth_pc_oecd | Growth in GDP per capita | The estimates of labour productivity, capital services, MFP, and ULC are mainly based on GDP, labour compensation, population and employment data from the OECD National Accounts. Hours worked are sourced from the OECD National Accounts, the OECD Employment Outlook and national sources. Capital services estimates are based on OECD National Accounts as well as national data sources. | (0-100) | numeric | 1970-2020 | 44 countries | |
| gwg_oecd | Gender wage gap | The gender wage gap is defined as the difference between male and female median wages divided by the male median wages. | (0-1) | numeric | 2000-2018 | 46 countries | |