Capítulo 6 DPI

The Database of Political Institutions (DPI) presents institutional and electoral results data such as measures of tenure and stability of the government, identification of party affiliation and ideology, and fragmentation of opposition and government parties in the legislature. In this database, we included information about Democracy and Sociopolitical System like the electoral system and the political parties. These indicators are available in 50 countries between 1975 and 2017.

Variable	Concept	Definition	Values	Class
Democracy and Sociopolitical System
elec_sys_dpi	Electoral system	Whether the country’s political system is parlamentary (2), assembly-elected president (1), or presidential (0). Systems with unelected executives get a (0). Systems with presidents who are elected directly or by an electoral college (whose only function is to elect the president), in cases where there is no prime minister, also receive a (0). Countries in which the legislature elects the chief executive are parlamientary (2), with the following exception: if that assembly or group cannot easily recall him, then the system gets a (1).	0= Presidential , 1= Assembly-elected president, 2= Parlamentary	factor
if_military_dpi	Military officer Chief Executive	Whether the Chief Executive is a military officer (1) or not (0). (1) if the source (Europa or Banks) includes a rank in their title, (0) otherwise. If chief executives were described as officers with no indication of formal retirement when they assumed office, they are always listed as officers for the duration of their term. If chief executives were formally retired military officers upon taking office, then this variable gets a (0).	1 = Yes, 2 = No	factor
exec_party_dpi	Party of Chief Executive	Name of the party of chief executive, if any. “Independent” if the chief executive is independent, a monarch, in the military, or if these are no parties.	Party’s name	character
exec_party_or_dpi	Executive’s party political orientation	Party orientation with respect to economic policy, using the following criteria: (1) Right: for parties that are defined as conservative, Christian democratic, or right-wing. (2) Center: for parties that are defined as centrist or when party position can best be described as centrist. (3) Left: for parties that are defined as communist, socialist, social democratic, or left-wing. (0) For all those cases which do not fit into the above-mentioned category, or no information. (NA) for those cases which there is no executive.	0= no information or no category to fit in, 1= right, 2= center, 3= left	factor
exec_party_rel_dpi	Executive’s party religion	If the executive chief’s party is religious, whether (1) Christian, (2) Catholic, (3) Islamic, (4) Hindu, (5) Buddhist, (6) Jewish, (0) otherwise. All parties that are called Christian-Democratic by one of our sources are listed as “Christian”. “Islamic” only recorded if 1) The chief executive is also a religious leader, and 2) That religion is Islam. In all other cases, platform and constituency are main indicators. In cases where executive is independent, the executive’s personal orientation is recorded. (NA) if no executive.	0= Otherwise, 1= Christian, 2= Catholic, 3= Islamic, 4= Hindu, 5= Buddhist, 6= Jewish	factor
exec_party_maj_dpi	Executive’s party majority	If the party of the executive have an absolute majority in the houses that have lawmaking powers. (1) Yes, (2) no.	1 = Yes, 2 = No	factor
oppo_party_sen_dpi	Opposition majority in senate	Wheter one opposition party has an absolute majority in Senate (1) or not (2).	1 = Yes, 2 = No	factor
oppo_party_h_dpi	Opposition majority in house	Wheter one opposition party has an absolute majority in House (1) or not (2).	1 = Yes, 2 = No	factor
plural_dpi	Plurality electionary system	Whether there is a “plurality” system (1) or not (0). In “plurality” systems, legislatores are elected using a winner-take-all/first past the pole rule. (1) if there is a competition for the seats in a one-party-state, blank if it is unclear whether there is competition for seats in a one-party state, and (NA) if there is no competition for seats in a one-party state or if legislators are appointed.	1 = Yes, 2 = No	factor
prop_dpi	Proportional representation electionary system	Whether there is a “proportional representation” system (1) or not (0). (1) if candidates are elected based on the percent of votes received by their party and/or if our sources specifically call the system “proportional representation”.	1 = Yes, 2 = No	factor
dhondt_dpi	D’Hondt electionary system	Whether the D’Hondt system is used (1) or not (0).	1 = Yes, 2 = No	factor